Using Statistics To Describe A Study Sample Essay Example for Free

Utilizing Statistics To Describe A Study Sample Essay Most examinations portray the subjects that involve the investigation test. This portrayal of the example is known as the example qualities which might be introduced in a table or the story of the article. The example qualities are regularly introduced for every one of the gatherings in an investigation (for example exploratory and control gatherings). Enlightening insights are utilized to create test attributes, and the sort of measurement utilized relies upon the degree of estimation of the segment factors remembered for an examination (Burns Grove, 2007). For instance, estimating sexual orientation produces ostensible level information that can be depicted utilizing frequencies, rates, and mode. Estimating instructive level as a rule produces ordinal information that can be depicted utilizing frequencies, rates, mode, middle, and range. Acquiring every subject explicit age is a case of proportion information that can be portrayed utilizing mean, range, and standard deviation. Stretch and proportion information are examined with a similar kind of measurements and are generally alluded to as span/proportion level information in this content. RESEARCH ARTICLE Source: Troy, N. W., Dalgas-Pelish, P. (2003). The adequacy of a self-care mediation for the administration of baby blues weakness. Applied Nursing Research, 16 (1), 38â€45. Presentation Troy and Dalgas-Pelish (2003) led a semi test study to decide the viability of a self-care mediation (Tiredness Management Guide [TMG]) on baby blues weariness. The investigation subjects included 68 primiparous moms, who were arbitrarily doled out to either the exploratory gathering (32 subjects) or the benchmark group (36 subjects) utilizing a PC program. The aftereffects of the examination showed that the TMG was powerful in diminishing degrees of morning baby blues weakness from the second to fourth weeks baby blues. These specialists prescribe that â€Å"mothers should be educated that they will presumably encounter baby blues weariness and be instructed to survey and deal with this phenomenon† (Troy Dalgas-Pelish, 2003, pp. 44-5). Significant Study Results â€Å"A aggregate of 80 ladies were at first selected [in the study] †¦ twelve of these ladies dropped out of the examination bringing about a last example of 68.† (Troy  Dalgas-Pelish, 2003, p. 39). The analysts introduced the attributes of their example in a table organization for the trial and control gatherings (see Table 1). The analysts found no critical contrasts between the control and trial bunches for any of the segment or characteristic factors. TABLE 1 Sample Characteristics by Group STUDY QUESTIONS 1. What segment factors were remembered for this examination? 2. Which of the segment factors gave ordinal level information? Give a justification to your answer. 3. What level of estimation is the information for race? 4. What measurements were utilized to portray race in this investigation? Were these fitting? 5. Could a mean be determined on the race information? Give a justification to your answer. 6. Portray the race of both the trial and control gatherings. What does this educate you concerning the number of inhabitants in this investigation? 7. What insights were utilized to depict age in this examination? Were these suitable? Give a basis to your answer. 8. Were the gatherings comparable in age? Give a method of reasoning to your answer. 9. What was the mode for the kind of taking care of given by the exploratory and the benchmark groups? Is this mode what you would have anticipated? 10. Did the exploratory gathering procure comparative pay to the benchmark group? Give a method of reasoning to your answer. ANSWERS TO STUDY QUESTIONS 1. Segment factors portrayed in the investigation were: age, salary, length of work, come back to work, number of hours working every week, race, conjugal status, instruction, kind of taking care of, and measure of family unit and newborn child care obligations. 2. The factors instruction and measure of family and newborn child care obligations are both estimated at the ordinal level since the information for each is arranged into classifications that can be rank arranged. With training, secondary school is the least degree of instruction, some school is the following degree of instruction, and college alumni or higher is the most elevated level of instruction. Care duties incorporate ordinal information that are positioned from a low of â€Å"None† to a high of â€Å"All.† 3. The information gathered for race is ostensible level since race was estimated utilizing fundamentally unrelated classes of White, Black, Interracial, and Middle Eastern that can't be rank ordered .â 4. Frequencies and rates were utilized to portray race for the test and control gatherings. Since the information are ostensible, frequencies and rates were fitting. The analysts may have likewise distinguished the mode, which was White. 5. No, a mean can't be determined on the race information. A mean must be determined on stretch and proportion level information that have numerically equivalent separations among spans and not on ostensible level information that must be sorted out into classifications. (See Exercises 1, 2, and 3, which are centered around recognizing the degree of estimations.) 6. Both the exploratory and control bunches are transcendently White, 92% and 96.55%, separately. In this manner, the example is predominately White, and the outcomes are intelligent of a White or Caucasian populace and not Black, Interracial, or Middle Eastern populaces. 7. Age was portrayed for both the exploratory and control bunches utilizing means and standard deviations. The specific age of the subjects was acquired, giving proportion level information that are illustratively broke down with means and standard deviations. The specialists may have likewise given the range to age for both trial and control gatherings. 8. The gatherings were fundamentally the same as in age since the mean age for the test bunch was 26.72 and the mean age for the benchmark group was 26.89. The appropriation of the ages for the test and control bunches were likewise fundamentally the same as, with standard deviation of 5.05 for the trial gathering and 5.25 for the benchmark group. 9. Jug taking care of was the mode for the test (53.1%) and the control (half) bunches since it was the most successive sort of taking care of utilized by the two gatherings. Either a â€Å"no† or â€Å"yes† answer is right here as long as you give a reason. No, one may anticipate that the mode should breastfeed since these were first-time moms (primiparous) and breastfeeding has such positive results for both newborn child and mother. Indeed, one may expect bottle-taking care of to be the mode since a significant number of these moms anticipated coming back to work. 10. No, the wages were not comparative for the two gatherings, yet nor was the salary essentially extraordinary for the gatherings. The methods (M) and standard deviations (SD) for money show that the test (M = $35,675; SD = $23,969) and control gatherings (M = $41,450; SD = $17,527) were extraordinary. The benchmark group subjects had a M, or mean, that was $5,775 higher than the test gathering, and the SD was a lot higher ($6,442) for the trial gathering, demonstrating a bigger scope of livelihoods for that gathering. Be that as it may, the story from the investigation indicatedâ that the gatherings were not altogether unique for any of the segment factors. 1. What segment factors were estimated in any event at the span level of estimation? 2. What measurements were utilized to portray the length of work in this examination? Were these suitable? 3. What other measurement could have been utilized to portray the length of work? Give a justification to your answer. 4. Were the conveyances of scores comparative for the test and control bunches for the length of work? Give a method of reasoning to your answer. 5. Were the test and control bunches comparative in their sort of taking care of? Give a justification to your answer. 6. What was the conjugal status mode for the subjects in the exploratory and control gatherings? Give both the recurrence and rate for the conjugal status mode for the two gatherings. 7980 7. Could a middle be resolved for the instruction information? Assuming this is the case, what might the middle be for instruction for the exploratory and the benchmark groups? Give a basis to your answer. 8. Could the discoveries from this examination be summed up to Black ladies? Give a justification to your answer. 9. On the off chance that there were 32 subjects in the exploratory gathering and 36 subjects in the benchmark group, for what reason is the salary information just revealed for 30 subjects in the trial gathering and 34 subjects in the benchmark group? 10. Was the example for this investigation enough portrayed? Give a reason to your answer.

Delegation of Duty as a Registered Nurse †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Delegation of Duty as a Registered Nurse. Answer: Medical attendants are administered by measures and laws about appointments of their obligations to wellbeing associates. These measures help nurture in choosing what exercises should be designated and those that ought not be appointed. This is significant in advancing responsibility and obligation. As a RN I should, in this manner, know that I can't designate obligations to Jodie and Mary past their instruction level, abilities and information too. Appointment Rights The appointment rights are utilized by RNs in guaranteeing that their assignment dynamic is the correct strategy. This is by one, guaranteeing that the correct movement is designated. Second is designating under the correct conditions. Thirdly is appointing obligations to the perfect individual and by the opportune individual with the important skills(Australian Nursing and Midfery Council, 2012). Fourthly is guaranteeing the correct depiction to be embraced is exactly and imparted. This is by assessment of work done, observing and intercession where necessary(McLaughlin, 2012). As a RN, I will be liable for the exhaustive appraisal of patients by gathering the important insights concerning the patient's disease and making a judgment with respect to finding and structure a consideration plan. I will assign the obligations of care to Mary who will manage the vital consideration under my supervision. Jodie, then again, will be a consideration aide to both Mary and me. I will, be that as it may, be answerable for any demonstration that is performed by Jodie and Mary(Nurses, 2011). References Australian Nursing and Midfery Council. (2012). A National Framework for the advancement of dynamic apparatuses for nursing and Midwifery practice. McLaughlin, F. E. (2012). Impression of Registered medical caretakers working with assistive staff in the United Kingdom and the United States. Washington Dc: International Journal of Nursing Practice. Attendants, A. (2011). Code of morals for medical caretakers with interpretive articulations. Nursebooks.org.

Free Ethan Frome Essay Topics

Free Ethan Frome Essay TopicsThe Ethan frome essay topics provide excellent language skills and writing proficiency. There are numerous essay topics to choose from and not all of them are suitable for students.The online essay can be written as a poem, memoir, fiction, or simply an overview of a certain period in your life. When choosing the topic you want to write an essay on, you should consider your interests and the topic you have selected to write about.You would first need to consider your interests and the kind of subjects you enjoy writing about. Be sure to write what you like to read and talk about. A topic like your favorite book can be changed with another topic to make it more interesting and more personal.It is a good idea to look at your interests and write about what you are good at. If you enjoy writing, then you may even write a personal essay and include anecdotes that may relate to your interest.The Ethan frome essay topics are free to choose. There are so many top ics to choose from and you may be surprised at the number of choices available. For instance, if you like to travel, then a history essay may be appropriate for you.You may be interested in a history, sociology, or political essay. If you are interested in literature, poetry, or even poetry essays, there are a large variety of themes available. You may choose to write about your favorite authors or your favorite books.The Ethan frome essay topics are great for students of all ages. For example, if you are a child, you may select a children's essay, teen essay, memoir, or a classic essay. They are great for students of all ages.

Turner Syndrome And The Age Of Puberty - 1018 Words

Turner Syndrome Introduction Turner Syndrome is a disorder that affects one in every two thousand girls. Usually girls are born with only one X chromosomes. Some are born with an extra chromosome, or sometimes even half of one is missing which causes Turner Syndrome. Symptoms of Turner Syndrome Most of the girls that have Turner Syndrome are way shorter than average girls. The girls often have their normal height up to three years old. After they are three the growth rate starts to slow down. Ovaries that are non-functioning are other symptoms of Turner Syndrome. A girl’s ovaries begin to produce sex hormones at puberty. This doesn’t happen with most girls who have Turner Syndrome. Most don’t start their periods or develop breast†¦show more content†¦Diagnosing Turner Syndrome Usually the girls with TS are diagnosed around the time they are born. Or at the time they are expected to go through their period. Usually if a baby girl has the signs of Turner Syndrome, a doctor around the hospital will order a special blood test called a karyotype. This test counts the number of chromosomes, this test can also identify any that are abnormally shaped or have some missing pieces. If the blood test shows that a girl has Turn er Syndrome, her doctor may order additional test to check for problems with her kidneys, heart, hearing, and other problems that are often associated with Turner Syndrome. Some diagnosing can be made at birth or close to birth because of heart problems, an unusually wide neck or swelling of the hands and the feet. 2 Turner Syndrome can also be suspected in pregnancy during an ultrasound test. Turner Syndrome during pregnancy can be confirmed by prenatal testing by sampling, or getting cells from the baby for a chromosome analysis. If the diagnosis is confirmed prenatally, also the baby may be under the care of a specialist pediatrician, also the baby may be under the care of a specialist immediately after birth. Noonan s Syndrome is associated with some of the clinical features of Turner Syndrome. Noonan s Syndrome has some of the same usually features, for example short stature, heart defects,Show MoreRelated Turner syndrome Essay1096 Words   |  5 Pagesabnormalities. The Turner Syndrome (known as Ullrich-Turner Syndrome in Germany) is a congenital disease. A German doctor named Ullrich published his article in 1930. American doctor Henry Turner recognized a pattern of short stature and incomplete sexual maturation in otherwise normal females. He published a comprehensive medical description of the syndrome. It was not until 1959, that it became clear the syndrome was due to lack of sex chromosome material. Turners Syndrome is a rare chromosomalRead MoreTurner Syndrome, A Rare Medical Disorder1351 Words   |  6 PagesDysgenesis Gonadal Dysgenesis, also known as turner syndrome, is a rare medical disorder that affects 1 in every 2,500 girls (kidshealth). It is a chromosomal that occurs when one of the two X chromosomes found in females are missing or is incomplete. This condition only affects females. Although researches don’t know exactly what cause turner syndrome, they do know that it’s a problem with a female chromosome. Females who are born with Tuner Syndrome are short in height and effects their sexualRead MoreTurner Syndrome : A Chromosomal Disorder1165 Words   |  5 PagesTurner Syndrome Shinji Lin December 15, 2015 Period 5 Turner syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that affects development in females. This condition is caused by a missing or incomplete X chromosome. In 1938, Henry Turner, an American endocrinologist, described seven women with short stature, lack of sexual development, neck webbing (extra skin on neck), low hairline, and cubitus valgus (arms that turn out at the elbow). Years earlier, Otto Ullrich, a German geneticist, independently describedRead MoreDNA is Everywhere522 Words   |  2 Pageserrors occur then mutations can happen. Turner Syndrome is only found in females. This syndrome is caused by the absence of an X chromosome or the nondisjunction of the X chromosome. This is a chromosomal disorder meaning â€Å"an abnormal condition due to something unusual in an individuals chromosomes.† Turner Syndrome is due to a chromosome mutation rather than a gene mutation. The missing X chromosome affects the development of the female. Usually Turner Syndrome is not inherited from the parent andRead MoreGenetics Synthesis: Marfan Syndrome Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesMarfan Syndrome Marfan Syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder mainly caused by defects in the gene FBN1 that codes for the protein fibrillin. Approximately 1 in 5,000 people are affected. Cardinal features involve the ocular, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular systems. There is a high degree of variability of this disorder, sometimes presenting itself at birth or later in childhood or adulthood. On one end of the spectrum is severe neonatal presentation with rapidly progressive diseaseRead MoreEtiology, Incidence, Clinical Manifestations, And Diagnosis Of This Condition1591 Words   |  7 Pagesmay experience problems with peers, milestones, and adolescence are individuals diagnosed with Turner Syndrome. The purpose of this paper is to explain the etiology, incidence, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of this condition. Also discussed within this paper will be the current treatments for this condition along with its potential affects within specific areas of development. Turner Syndrome is a genetic condition that affects mainly woman and occurs on the X-chromosome. Instead of havingRead MoreTurner s Syndrome : A Condition That Effects1609 Words   |  7 PagesTurner’s syndrome is a condition that effects 1 in 2,500 newborn girls (Bondy, C.A. 2009). There are many names for this condition including 45 X, TS, Ullrich-Turner syndrome, and Turner syndrome. While females usually have two X chromosomes, these girls are born with only one X chromosome or the second X is altered. While some of the babies make it through full term, some who have this condition are prone to unexpectedly aborting. Diagnosis of the missing or altered chromosome could happen duringRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Celiac Disease1068 Words   |  5 Pagesnon-HLA genes), the enzyme tissue transglutaminase modifies ingested gluten and an abnormal T-cell mediated response occurs in response, leading to initiation of an inflammatory reaction, subsequent intestinal tissue r emodeling and malabsorption syndrome (Koning, 2015 Rostami-Nejad, et al., 2015). This insensitivity differs from food allergies, which are mediated by IgE or IgG (Hill, 2016). Prevalence and Clinical Manifestations CD is one of the most common chronic diseases in children andRead MoreAn Autoimmune Disease : A Common Cause Of Death For Young Women3326 Words   |  14 Pagesk.a. lupus). Both are composed of roughly 85-90% women (Figure 1).1 Autoimmune thyroiditis is one of the most common autoimmune diseases; existing in roughly 1 out of every 200 people.1,3 It is rare in children and most common in women above the age of 60 (~1 in 13).3 Its primary symptom is hypothyroidism. The other autoimmune disease, lupus, is less common; existing in roughly 1 out of every 2,000 people. Its symptoms can include arthritis, rashes, photosensitivity, serositis, oral ulcers,Read MoreSAGHE Case Study1289 Words   |  6 Pagesbe classified and sorted based on demographic variables, sex, age, year of treatment and country. SAGhE study will also extract the additional information in order to provide the most accurate research result based on specialists’ best interpretation of the existing informati on. These information will be including, but not limited to: Birth characteristics, heights, weights, parents’ heights, bone age, GH stimulation test results, puberty status, rhGH dosage and duration of treatment and the initial

The Diversity Programs And Development - 1749 Words

Diversity programs and development, when managed well, can make or break business innovation and productivity. Micron is a technical organization on the forefront of diversity programming. We will explore this organization s reasoning for developing a strong program, highlight some key features and make the case that vigorous diversity efforts affect recruitment, retention, motivation and engagement. In 1978, Micron Technology, Inc. was founded in Boise, Idaho. Micron is the global leader in the semiconductor industry with more than 30,000 team members working in twenty countries. â€Å"For more than 35 years, Micron has dedicated itself to collaborating with customers and partners to engineer technology that drives innovation and transforms what’s possible (Home: About: Our Company)†. Micron’s Diversity and Inclusion Statement, â€Å"At Micron our people are our most important resource and a critical driver of our competitive advantage. We believe our best innovation springs from our team members diverse experiences, perspectives and backgrounds. We are passionate about creating a diverse and inclusive environment, representative of our communities and the customers we serve† (Home: About: Our Commitment). Micron has eleven manufacturing locations, but Manassas, Virginia is the only US based D-RAM, NAND and NOR manufacturing site. Micron Technology of Virginia (MTV) is the most culturally diverse site in Micron with team members representing over fifty different countriesShow MoreRelatedThe Development And Diversity Training Program2356 Words   |  10 Pageswith their businesses, they start to become more complex with cultural diversity and training. Having a cultural diversity training program that will allow the company to compete with other organization. In this paper, I will explain the development and diversity of training, ethical and cultural issues with the different phases of development and the legal implications with creating a training program. An effective training program is a must to have in place to help maintain a positive cultural balanceRead MoreThe Importance of Managing Diversity906 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity Managing Diversity â€Å"Diversity can be considered and dimension that differentiates a person from another† (Noe, p 432). Diversity brings considerable benefits. Decision making and improved problem solving are great examples of what diversity can help with. Diversity also brings greater creativity and innovation, which leads to better product development; and more successful marketing to different types of customers. Diversity provides organizations with the ability to competeRead MoreUsing Diversity as a Strategy: Allstate Insurance Company1214 Words   |  5 Pagesstruggle more and more with the subject of diversity in the workforce. The latest strategy is to leverage diversity as a competitive business strategy. This paper will evaluate Allstate Insurance Company’s goal setting process and how they have used diversity as a strategy leveraging differences in order to create a competitive advantage in today’s diversified market. It will also discuss Allstateâ₠¬â„¢s competitive advantage with the development of the Diversity Index and recommend what types of high-performanceRead MoreChildren With Multicultural And Diverse Experiences849 Words   |  4 PagesEven today, many early childhood programs and family child care institutions tend to be similar and homogeneous to the children’s home backgrounds. The common criteria parents use to choose the early childhood programs, and the child care facilities are programs and providers who match the parents’ view of discipline and education and prefer teachers who speak a similar language and are of the same religion. Therefore, most the family child care, religious programs, and public schools are traditionalRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour the Pros and Cons.1634 Words   |  7 PagesElements of successful organizational diversity Management. Why is organizational diversity important? Historically, diversity in the workplace has been recognized as an employment equity issue. Now, however, diversity in the workplace is being recognized as a benefit that will contribute to an organizations bottom line. Increased employee and customer satisfaction end up as increased productivity, all of which are measurable outcomes (Goff, 1998). Diversity goes beyond employment equity toRead MoreSodexo and Principle Financial Group Case Study Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pagesand Principal Financial Group are among the top 50 to be recognized as being able to manage diversity effectively. It is important for organizations to grow in the global market to keep up with the economy. The growth of the company increases the importance for all levels of employees to interact with people different from themselves. The companies have adopted various training methods and other programs such as flexible work schedules. The employees of the businesses can benefit from the contributionsRead MoreMcdonalds Case Study1642 Words   |  7 Pagescountries serving approximately 55 million customers per day. Even with this success, it became apparent that sustained success requires the development of a more consistent and disciplined approach to talent management and development. In response to this specified need, McDona ld’s has taken steps that have enhanced its talent management and development system (Goldsmith amp; Carter, 2010). There are two levels that were embedded with the expectations of the employers which consist of goodRead MoreDiversity Of Thought And What A Person Looks Like Essay1238 Words   |  5 PagesDiversity of Thought Diversity in itself differs from diversity of thought. Diversity appeals more to what a person looks like. Diversity of thought appeals more to how a person thinks and processes information based on their perceptions and experiences. Diversity of thought is a process that involves how individuals think and formulate resolutions to challenges faced by their respective companies. â€Å"Looking diverse† is not enough. TCCC must make a commitment to being attentive by applyingRead MoreMacdonlds1315 Words   |  6 Pagesfifty-four years. By McDonald’s growth to more than thirty thousand restaurants in 118 countries serving fifty-five million customers per day. A number of factors led the organization to the conclusion that enhancements in its talent management and development system were need. (Goldsmith, 2010. p.156). McDonald’s framework for â€Å"Plan to Win† consists of the people, place, product, promotion, and price. McDonald first has to have the right people in place to make the business successful by obtainingRead MoreDiversity Audit1613 Words   |  7 PagesDIVERSITY AUDIT Diversity Audit at Starbucks Starbucks Corporation is a multinational company based in United States. It was founded in the year 1971 and is headquartered at Seattle, Washington. Starbucks is engaged in the business of selling coffee, coffee beans and different types of bakery products all over the world. The company also has a division known as Starbucks Entertainment division which is utilized for marketing films, music and books (Yahoo Finance, 2012). The coffeehouses owned

Aim in Becoming an Engineer Essay Sample free essay sample

When we are immature. one of those inquiries that we hear from about every grownup that we encounter. particularly from those who work. is â€Å"What do you wish to be when you grow up? † Remember that most may state. â€Å"I want to be this or that or like my female parent or like my male parent and many other else†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Though we were immature so. we are all get downing to cognize the value of dream or calling. If you’re inquiring for my program or the same inquiry as the grownups ask in my first paragraph. I would reply you that I am now taking to be an applied scientist or I want technology to be my calling. You may hold different reactions when I say that but it is merely a affair of pick and all of us are have that right. To be an applied scientist. I must analyze the requirements of come ining college. We will write a custom essay sample on Aim in Becoming an Engineer Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page First. I should complete my high school and so inscribe in a university or college and get an technology class. a mechanical. industrial or civil technology may make. Anyway. applied scientists abide by a simple jurisprudence and the lone thing that makes each of them distinct from one another is the nature of the consequences. For illustration. chemical applied scientists end merchandises are chemical merchandises. electrical technology are for electricity-related machines or equipments which work hand-in-hand with the mechanical applied scientists. Today. the technology sector has many subdivisions and each of them have their ain expertness. After go throughing the class. I must take the licensure test to be an applied scientist if it is needed. Otherwise. I will non be professionally called as applied scientist by my name or don’t have a rubric before my first name. What’s truly particular about being an applied scientist is holding a broad cognition and expertness on one specific thing I want. Knowing the in and out of that thing is truly astonishing. If a have a computing machine. as an applied scientist I will cognize its constituents. the stuffs used. package available for the unit and even the appropriate monetary value so that the populace will purchase the computing machine. In short. applied scientists normally know every item of something he or she is truly interested about. Well. the cognition I will derive is merely one of the grounds why I aim to be an applied scientist. Another thing is truly on their intent in carry throughing their occupation. For me. applied scientists besides are public retainer and are non merely confined with their commercial intents. Though some may believe that I want to be an applied scientist because it is good paid. good. believe once more. I know that we. in our calling. ever want to assist others. Take a civil applied scientist for illustration. Most civil applied scientists are authorities employees. They are leaving their cognition in building to construct infirmaries. schools. Bridgess. gate discharge. authorities edifices and many other substructures that are of great usage for us. If non for them. we can non be assure that we are safe when traversing Bridgess or walking by Parkss or towers. If non for them. community development is non possible. Last. I believe that without them. each of them. every sort of them. society will be more of a dullard. Basically. they give foundations of everything. about everything that we saw in a society or a metropolis in peculiar are plants of scientific discipline and art – or merely work of applied scientists. I may state that they are the builders of a civilisation. Dreams are made largely to steer us in our manner of prosecuting our life. The inquiry. â€Å"What do I wish to be when I grow up? † is a large start in determining the life we want someday. Having a calling in head is truly of import so that we will now what all of our agonies in life will convey us to. All we need to make is to concentrate our eyes in our purpose – in my instance. I should concentrate my eyes on my purpose to go an applied scientist and make my best to do that my calling. Mentions Really†¦what IS an applied scientist? Retrieved July 1. 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. uhh. Hawaii. edu/ academics/ub/news/learning/engineer05. php Engineer. is it you? Retrieved July 1. 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. micrometer. com/ students/engineer/what. hypertext markup language

Stress and health

Introduction Stress has an adverse effect on human health; it leads to numerous health complications if not effectively managed. When stressed, people risk suffering from stress-related complications. According to Ciccarelli White, 2012, health can broadly be divided as physical health (free of diseases) and psychological health (being able to make sound decisions).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Stress and health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When under stress, an individual’s decision making capacity is hampered making the person psychologically unhealthy (Ciccarelli White, 2012). This paper discusses the relationship between stress and human health. Stress and health There are numerous theories and researches on stress and health, they all agree that stress has an adverse effect on human health; the statement goes â€Å"a stressed man is an unhealthy man†. Although human life cannot be free of stress, it becomes  unmanaged stress which causes havoc to human body and mind  . According to psychologists, human body is â€Å"wired’’ to communicate with the state of the mind; the communication is meant to protect threats against predators and other aggressors. The statements predators and other aggressors used to mean life threatening activities or actions which include meeting deadlines, fighting back, reacting to a certain situation, or making life challenging decisions. The challenge facing human kind is failing to understand the right way to manage stress; in most cases the activities they engage in lead to more stress (Ciccarelli White, 2012). When someone is stressed for a long period, he or she exposes his body to uncontrolled brain cortisol and other stress managing hormones, which in turn can result in health complications like eczema, obesity, depression, digestive problems, sleeping challenges, and heart diseases. Human state of mind determin es the kind of life decisions they make; in the event that someone is stressed, his or her mind will be hampered from making sound and reliable decision as their mind, soul, and body are not at peace with each other. Some day-to-day health feelings like fatigue, headaches, and boredom can be attributed to the state of the mind; state of the mind is unhealthy with stress. Stress affects human body, thoughts and feelings, when the above have been affected, then the behaviors and to some extent the personality of an affected person change. When unchecked, stress results in health complications like high blood pressure, heart disease, obesity and diabetes (Ciccarelli White, 2012).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Ciccarelli White, 2012, the human body responds differently to stress; some people are likely to show fast heath deterioration when stressed while others are likel y to have slowed health complications. What remain constant is that prolonged stress without proper management will have a negative effect on human health. Stressed people need to enroll in stress management classes/lessons where they can be trained on basic methods of preventing and managing stress. In the event that an individual is suffering from a certain ailment, and then happens to be stressed, the recovery rate of such an individual is low. There is much connection between the rate of recovery from health complication and stress that the patient has (Ciccarelli White, 2012). Conclusion Stress is a common occurrence in human beings; well-managed stress is of benefit to human beings as it assists when making decisions. However when stress is not managed effectively, it has an adverse effect on human health. Some complications related with ineffective stress management include depression, heart diseases, and diabetes. References Ciccarelli, S. K., White, J. N. (2012). Psycholo gy. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. This essay on Stress and health was written and submitted by user Sarahi Norton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Infrastructure Developments Essays - Hong Kong, Geography Of China

Infrastructure Developments Essays - Hong Kong, Geography Of China Infrastructure Developments The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) link roads of Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macao The HZMB is of special strategic value in further enhancing the economic development of Hong Kong, Macao and the Western Pearl River Delta region (Western PRD). It will significantly reduce the cost and time for travellers and for the flow of goods between Hong Kong and the Western PRD, accelerating the economic integration of the PRD and its neighbouring provinces, and increasing its competitiveness. Construction of the project has started in December 2009 for completion in 2017. Meanwhile, the Hong Kong section of the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link (XRL) will be 26-km long, running from the terminus in West Kowloon to Shenzhen, Dongguan and Guangzhou with significantly reduced journey time. More importantly, it will become part of the 16,000 km national high-speed rail network now being developed in full steam, fostering closer economic ties between Hong Kong and the mainland. Upon completion of the railway, the travelling time from Hong Kong to Beijing and Shanghai will be shortened to about 10 and 8 hours respectively. Construction of the project has commenced for completion in 2018. Besides the cross-boundary endeavours, the government has undertaken other large-scale infrastructure projects to improve the local transportation system, promote long-term development for arts and culture, and provide quality living space to citizens. As to the extension of the mass transit railway system, the West Island Line, the Kwun Tong Line Extension and the South Island Line (East) have been opened; while the Shatin to Central Link is expected to complete in 2021. The government has also announced the Railway Development Strategy 2014, providing a framework for planning the further expansion of Hong Kong's railway network up to 2031 to cover areas inhabited by about 75% of the total population and about 85% of job opportunities. Besides, a cruise terminal has been developed at the former Kai Tak Runway, with two alongside berths, well equipped with supporting facilities to accommodate the concurrent berthing of two mega cruise vessels (with gross tonnage of up to 220,000). As the busiest cargo gateway and one of the 10 passenger airports in the world, the Hong Kong International Airport needs an expansion since the existing two-runway system will reach its full capacity soon, according to the Hong Kong Airport Authority. The construction of the Three-runway System has started in 2016 for completion in 2024, with the commissioning of the new runway expected in 2022. Turning to the port, the government has released findings of the Study on the Strategic Development Plan for Hong Kong Port 2030 and the Preliminary Feasibility Study for Container Terminal 10 at Southwest Tsing Yi. The findings reveal that container throughput in Hong Kong will continue to see growth in the coming years. In order to cope with a projected future increase in throughput up to 2030, it is necessary to enhance the handling capacity of the existing container terminals and related infrastructural facilities, which include upgrading Stonecutters Island Public Cargo Working Area to a modern container handling facility for ocean-going or river trade vessels, enabling the River Trade Terminal to become a terminal for both ocean-going and river trade vessels, providing additional barge berths at the Kwai Tsing Container Terminals to relieve congestion caused by the increase of river cargo throughput, and making better use of land and other facilities around the terminals to enh ance operational efficiency and accommodate future growth in transhipment. HKSAR Transport and Housing Bureau. (2008). Study on Transport Linkage between Hong Kong and Pearl River West. Retrieved from thb.gov.hk/eng/policy/transport/issues/cbt_3.htm HKSAR Highways Department. (2010). Project Benefits-Transportation. Retrieved from hzmb.hk/eng/benefits_transportation.html Brian, G. (1987). Built Environment , Vol. 13, No. 2, Tourism and Regional Development, pp. 68-72 HKSAR Highways Department. (2010). Project Benefits-Economic. Retrieved from hzmb.hk/eng/benefits_economic.html

Adlerian Theory Essay Example for Free

Adlerian Theory Essay Theory (1093) , Mark Twain (437) , Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (281) , The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (251) , Huckleberry Finn (248) , Better (179) , Effect (38) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints ? Introduction and Rationale School counselors work with students in academic development, social and emotional skill development, and college/career development. Their work supports student success through education in these domains, improvement of skills, reduction of stress, and improvement in mental health functioning. As I read the article, School Counseling Outcome: A Meta-Analytic Examination of Interventions, I couldn’t help but realize the importance of continued research on the effectiveness of school counseling interventions. This article focuses on the effectiveness of an array of school counseling interventions and not solely on individual and group counseling. The primary aim of this research was to review various literature pieces that relate to school counseling and identify their outcome and implications to the practice of school counseling. In this study, Meta-analysis 1 involved treatment control comparisons and Meta-analysis 2 involved pretest-posttest differences. The overall average weighted effect size for school counseling interventions was .30. The study examined whether relevant moderator variables influenced effect sizes. The pretest-posttest size was not significant, so moderator analyses were conducted on treatment control comparisons. Analyses of moderator variables indicated school counseling program activities or interventions varied in effectiveness A meta-analysis of school counseling outcome research found an overall effect size of .30. Students who participated in the interventions improved almost a third of the standard deviation more than their peers who did not receive the interventions. In other words, school counseling interventions have a larger effect size than aspirin for preventing heart attacks (ES of .06) and an equivalent effect size to sertoline (Zoloft) compared to placebo, for  treating major depressive disorder (ES of .31). (Whiston & Quimby, 2009). The use of meta-analysis offers some weakness on the research which is actually a common thing for meta-analytic researches. This results from the fact that the effect size’s quality is dependant on the quality of research and accuracy. Sampling inaccurate of ineffective research cases may also render the meta-analytic research weak due to the weakness of the researches sampled. The meta-analytic research may also be stronger due to the fact that it samples a mean of similar variables under various researches and thus providing an average that is a true representative of all researches. In order to improve the meta-analytic exercise it is good to first make an analysis of the article and ensure that they are classified appropriately and their content has high validity so that they may not negatively affect the analysis (Sexton, L.T., & Whiston, S., 1998). A meta-analysis of school counseling research (117 studies, 153 school counseling interventions, and 16, 296 students) found an overall effect size of .30. The authors found that students who participated in school counseling interventions tended to score on various outcome measures about a third of a standard deviation above those who did not receive the interventions. School counseling interventions produced quite large effect sizes in the areas of discipline, problem-solving, and increasing career knowledge. The effect sizes were smaller, but significant, related to school counseling interventions’ impact on academic achievement. Surprisingly little school counseling research was found related to individual counseling. Concerning guidance curriculum, small groups were more effective than interventions that involved entire classrooms. Outcome research reflects that group counseling can be effective with students who are experiencing problems and difficulties. School counselors can improve the climate in their schools. They can also draw from a vast array of interventions that will help students increase  their academic achievement (Brown, 1999). One intervention that has been used for more than a quarter of a century is behavioral contracts. Behavioral contracts must have specific objectives, set attainable short-term goals, be monitored regularly, allow for immediate reinforcement, and be adjusted when they are not promoting the desired change. Other direct interventions frequently employed by school counselors include study skills groups, time management training, classroom guidance units aimed at improving test taking skills, and achievement motivation groups. Achievement motivation groups are led by the counselor, but involve input from the teachers and support for increased achievement from the students in the group. When students have educational and career goals, they do better in school. Counselors can facilitate the development of educational and personal goals by engaging students in individual and group activities that focus on goal setting. Some school counselors routinely ask students about interests, educational plans, and occupational goals and record these in their portfolios as one way of emphasizing the importance of goal setting. Research supports what educators have long understood: parent involvement is an important factor in student achievement (Brown, 1999). Parents who have a high level of commitment to their children, set high standards, maintain a stable home environment, and support achievement, have children who do better in school. Counselors can involve parents through parent consultation, parent education classes that teach parents how to support their children in schools as well as parenting skills, and by advocating for parents and students when students are not treated fairly by the educational establishment. They can also help keep the parents of children who are having difficulty in school apprised of their children’s progress by encouraging teachers to communicate more frequently with parents than once per grading period. School counselors are under pressure to assist in the effort to increase student achievement. They can respond to this challenge by working to improve the school climate, using direct interventions such as teaching study skills and involving students in achievement motivation groups, and by increasing the involvement of parents in the educational process. As our culture and educational institutions change, school counseling practices are emerging to better meet the needs of today’s students. Brown, D (1999). Proven strategies for improving learning and academic achievement. Greensboro, NC: CAPS Publications Sexton, L.T., and Whiston, S.C. (1998). A review of school counseling outcome research: Implications for practice. Journal of Counseling and Development volume 76, issue number pp 412-426. Whiston & Quinby (2009). Review of school counseling research. Psychology in the Schools 46(3), 267-272. Schatzberg & Nemeroff (2009). Textbook of Pyschopharmacology. Arlington, VA: The American Psychiatric Publisher. Whiston, Susan C; Wendi, Lee Tai; Rahardja, Daryn; Eder, Kelly. Journal of Counseling and Development. Winter 2011. Vol. 89. Issue 1, p. 37-55. Adlerian Theory. (2016, Apr 30).

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 59

Assignment - Essay Example Consequently, employees within an organization should be sufficiently equipped with skills relating to these elements of communication, in order to attain competence. The employees input these acquired and inbuilt skills towards company activities, thus showing that organisational communication competence significantly influences other company operations (Williams, 2009). This paper provides insight into the concept of organizational communication competence and its impact on technology usage within a firm. In order to increase organisational communication competence, firms focus on increasing the input variables that match its goals. Boosting employee motivation is one successful way of increasing organisational competence. Respectful strategies, which determine new talents amongst employees’, also boost interactivity and positive communication. In addition, factors such as team work and matching of abilities determine a company’s competence in regard to organisational communication (Sanchez, 2004). This enables the company to seal any information conveyance loopholes that may hinder successful operation. Through improving organisational communication competence, this acts as a guarantee for consistent review on the company’s workforce tendency to account for prevailing conditions in the market and emerging technologies (Sanchez, 2004). By ensuring that there are open communication channels traversing across the organization, an establishment can be adequately informed about relevant technology developments. As a result, it becomes possible to source relevant technologies from the most qualified yet most affordable suppliers. Additionally, such communication proficiency makes it possible for the workforce to operate in unison, in the course of determining the direction to be followed while striving to achieve company goals through advanced technological platforms (Heene, 2004). Flexibility and creativity fostered by

American Contracting with the Federal Government Essay

American Contracting with the Federal Government - Essay Example Now the fastest growing sectors are business services, legal services, insurance and real estate". (Overview) SECTION 8 (a) "Share of Prime Contracts. The U.S. Small Business Administration's "Section 8(a) businesses" are minority-owned businesses, as defined by the federal government. "Prime Contracts" means these minority businesses were given the main contract, without competition, because their owners are the correct race. Federal minority contract awards - without competition - totaled $6.67 billion." (Description) SDB: "SDB's are minority-owned businesses, as defined by the federal government. "Share of Subcontracts" means that the government dictated to the prime contractor that he/she must hire a certain number of minority subcontractors. In this category, federal minority subcontract guarantees - without competition - totaled $4.1 billion!." (Description) WBE: ""Share of Prime Contracts" means that these women-owned businesses were given the approved percentage of prime contracts without competition from white, male-owned businesses, because the recipients were the correct sex. In this category, federal women-owned business contract awards - without competition - totaled $3.86 billion!" (Description) "The execution of your contract (signing by both parties) is a key benchmark in government contracting. It triggers several events such as the start of the period of performance and the delivery schedule time period. Execution begins a billing period start date and contractual obligations by the government and the contractor". (Contract work Authorization) Moreover, "You should establish an internal document to your company that contains the pertinent data for the contract and assigns it a unique contract identifier in your business system. This is necessary for billing and cost collection purposes as well as government audits. Astute government contractors do

OConnors Everything That Rises Must Converge :: Everything That Rises Must Converge

O'Connor's Everything That Rises Must Converge "Everything That Rises Must Converge," in a sense sums up O'Connor's overall philosophy or theology: that is, that everything which rises above the petty concerns of earth, above materialism, must converge somewhere in an ideal realm, that is, Heaven. The story concerns Julian and his mother and a series of misunderstandings between them. We find that Julian's mother is overweight, rude to other people, particularly to Black people, and very judgmental. Julian in turn spends a lot of his time judging his mother. The story focuses on a bus trip that Julian and his mother are taking to the Y's reducing class, and what happens in the course of that trip. During the bus trip, Julian's mother openly sympathises with some other white women who don't like "Negroes" on the bus. When a Black man gets on the bus, Julian attempts to be friendly with him and in so doing sees himself as morally superior to his mother. We see here that Julian is being very judgmental. For instance, we find Julian entertaining these thoughts after the man has got off the bus: He imagined his mother lying desperately ill and his being able to secure only a Negro doctor for her. He toyed with that idea for a few minutes and then dropped it for a momentary vision of himself participating as a sympathiser in a sit-in demonstration. This was possible but he did not linger with it. Instead, he approached the ultimate horror. He brought home a beautiful suspiciously Negroid woman. Prepare yourself, he said. There is nothing you can do about it. This is the woman I have chosen. (15) It is just shortly after this fantasy that a very large Black woman and her little boy get on and Julian is somewhat delighted because the Negro woman is actually wearing the same hat as his mother, a hat that he has made fun of earlier in the story. Julian reacts as follows: His eyes widened. The vision of the two hats, identical, broke upon him with the radiance of a brilliant sunrise. His face was suddenly lit with joy. He could not believe that Fate had thrust upon his mother such a lesson. He gave a loud chuckle so she would look at him and see that he saw. She turned her eyes on him slowly. The blue in them seemed to have turned a bruised purple.

African American Population Essay

At the beginning of each decade in the United States a census is taken to determine the population (Gale, 2008). While the 2000 census states that the African American population makes up 13% of the American population. And predicts it will stay the same percentage until the year 2050. The African American population will reproduce and contribute to the world as other majority and minority groups. So why wouldn’t this group grow as a population. African American Growth The African American population has been growing in America since they were involuntarily brought here. From 1492 to 1820 the African American population grew to 9. 5 million in the west alone (POPULATION, 2000). In 1900, there were 8. 8 million African Americans in the United States, representing 11. 6% of the total population. Between 1910 and 1930, the African American population percentage declined, reaching a low point in 1930 when the population was only 9. 7% of the United States population (Gale, 2008). Since 1930, the African American population has grown at a faster rate than national averages (POPULATION, 2000). Over four centuries the African American population has become less rural and concentrated than it was in the nineteenth century (POPULATION, 2000). African Americans do not have to endure slavery. The group has also gained the same rights as other minority and majority groups. The United States Department of Commerce The Department of Commerce expects growth in the Black population. The United States Department of Commerce expects the Black population to make up 16 percent on the American population, by the year 2050 (Black Collegian, 2002). The Department Economic and Statistic Administration will examine effect of the 2010 census and the black population. The Administration will concentrate on the finances of the Black population and any other new aspects to review. The census Bureau The 2000 census states that the African American population makes up 13 percent of the American population (U. S. Census Bureau, 2000). The census also predicts that the African American population will continue to make up only 13 percent in the year 2050 (Census, 2000). The Almanac suggests that African American are ranking lower than any other group in all categories. The almanac reference income gaps between African Americans and other races. The Black, American Indian and Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander populations are expected to maintain their shares of the population in all series (U. S. Census Bureau, 2008 and 2009). A population that is having children and playing a major to the world as all other populations cannot stay the same for a period of 50 years. The encyclopedia of population stated that African American population growth increases much faster than statistics assume. The Department of Commerce predicts the African American population will rise to 16 percent in the year 2050. While the Census Bureau predicts that there will be no increase in the African American population in the year 2050 with out giving details of why this prediction is accurate. African American have endured a great struggle in America. They have over came many obstacles and they will overcome this one also. References POPULATION. (2000). In Encyclopedia of the United States in the Nineteenth Century. Retrieved from http://www. credoreference. com/entry/galeus/populationSmith, M. (2001). Ed. ). (1993). Black Collegian. [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-Text]. : . Retrieved March 31, 2010Year, from com220. Encyclopedia of population (Ed. ). (2003). African American population History. [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-Text]. : . Retrieved March 26, 2010Year, from com220. Boyle, K. (2010). The Promise land: The making of African America. Retrived from New York Times book review. Table 1 Type the table text here in italics; start a new page for each table [Insert table here] Figure Captions Figure 1. Caption of figure [Figures – note that this page does not have the manuscript header and page number].

Al-Tabaris account of Abraham and his son Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Before slaughtering, Muslims perform the pilgrimage at Kaaba, which has been set up by Abraham himself. This pilgrimage is done to pay the homage at Kaaba. Kaaba is the place where Muslims perform Hajj, which is the fundamental institution of Islam. Eid-al-Adha is itself celebrated on the day of 10th Dhul-Hijjah. Prophet Abraham has proven himself as the righteous man in the light of Islam, which is why God has set one festival which pays the highest tribute to what and how Abraham has devoted his life for. Abraham had been the reason behind the coming of both Arabia and Israel people. It is Muslims believe that Muhammad is a descendant of Abraham. God has given Abraham, the highest importance in Islam, which lead all the Muslims even today to perform Hajj and celebrate the Festival of Sacrifice in his memory. The people under the religions of Jews, Christians and Muslims strongly agree that, Abraham was a pure, unconditional righteous man regarding the worshiping of God and religio n rituals. The contradiction which lies between these three religion people is the identification of the sacrificial child. We will write a custom essay sample on Al-Tabari's account of Abraham and his son or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now According to Bible, Isaac is said to be the only son of Abraham, and also the sacrificial child instead of Ishmael. Bible says that, Ishmael was the step brother of Isaac, whereas the very first born child of Abraham was only Isaac. The Bible quotes the words said by God as, â€Å"Take your son, your only son Isaac, whom you love, and go to the land of Moriah, and offer him there as a burnt offering upon one of the mountains of which I shall tell you. † It shows that according to Bible, Isaac was the only son whom God mentioned to endure the sacrifice. Islam disagrees with this belief. Al-Tabari’s account clearly states that, Ishmael was the sacrificial son. That is because, on asking for a righteous son, God offered Abraham with a son whose name was Ishmael. Abraham promised and gave vow Ishmael as the sacrificial child for God. Muslims argues that Isaac was not only seen as the only child of Abraham because, the birth of Ishmael was fourteen years prior Isaac. Therefore, the promising child was not Isaac, but Ishmael. Muslims also believes that the reading from Ishmael to Isaac has been corrupted very finely. Quran also agrees with the fact that, Isaac was the miracle child, and was conceived by Sarah. Sarah was near to very old woman, when she miraculously conceived Isaac. Whereas, the conceive process of Ishmael was normal and at the right age. Hence, Isaac was a miracle child, and also became as a promising child, according to the Biblical account.

Internal Fraud Case Study - 642 Words

COVER STORY: INTERNAL FRAUD CASE STUDY Prepare a two-to-three page case study report on the following case: COVER STORY: INTERNAL FRAUD on pages 104-106 in Chapter 4: Billing Schemes of the Fraud Examination text by Wells. Discuss the coincidences involved in this case study. Use the 2009 Global Fraud Survey (also located in Doc Sharing) for references concerning perpetrator, size of fraud, detection, and controls. This case is about the $4 million embezzlement fraud by an employee of a magazine publisher, and how the fraud was discovered. The type of fraud discovered was a billing scheme that was found on accident. A billing scheme is, â€Å"Any scheme in which a person causes his employer to issue a payment by submitting invoices for†¦show more content†¦I think in this case there was a lack of internal controls. In dealing with this type of situation, Miano should have never been able drop off so many invoices at the same time. In doing so, they should have had someone else transporting the approved invoices to the accounts payable department. They should have also mailed the checks out to the clients rather than having someone come collect them. According to the 2010 Global Fraud Studies, â€Å"there was a strong correlation between the perpetrator’s position of authority and the losses caused by fraud.† 3 Managers took 41% of the cases. With coincidence two, McGran e’s secretary noticed that Miano’s behavior became extravagant. From him purchasing $800 in drinks, to having 5 cars, one of which was a Mercedes, to him purchasing a 2nd home for $416,000, and him talking about a new $18,000 boat. I think the secretary should have seen it as a red flag when she noticed Miano’s behavior becoming extravagant and reported it to a higher authority. Managers should take the time to analyze the lifestyles of their employees. Unexpected and unexplained changes in lifestyle may suggest that fraud has taken place. I think the activity and responsibilities of this type of employee should be monitored. With coincidence three, a red flag should have been the fact that Miano hadn’t taken a vacation in 4 years. According to the 2010 Global Fraud Studies, â€Å"frauds committed by higher-level perpetrators also took longer to detect.† 4 TheShow MoreRelatedInternal Fraud Case Study Essay650 Words   |  3 PagesCOVER STORY: INTE RNAL FRAUD CASE STUDY Prepare a two-to-three page case study report on the following case: COVER STORY: INTERNAL FRAUD on pages 104-106 in Chapter 4: Billing Schemes of the Fraud Examination text by Wells. Discuss the coincidences involved in this case study. Use the 2009 Global Fraud Survey (also located in Doc Sharing) for references concerning perpetrator, size of fraud, detection, and controls. 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Marketing Objectives Of Cocoa Fruit Marketing Plan Essay

Develop Organisational Marketing Objectives Task 1: 1) Cocoa Delights is a new and innovative company who has worked hard to puncture a hole in the gourmet chocolate industry. They are now selling in retail stores all around Melbourne, but their goal is to expand Australia wide and compete with the sales numbers of the larger international companies in the gourmet chocolate world. I have been analysing the past outcomes and future strategies of Cocoa Delights marketing plan in order to understand their organizational marketing objectives. a) In order to establish a marketing strategy a company must construct a plan which acknowledges their mission, purpose, vision and values. Cocoa Delights is a company with a very specific target consumer of middle to upper class people, who have a love of gourmet chocolate. In order to attract these target consumers their market strategy will need to agree with their needs. The mission of Cocoa Delights is to provide Australians with the highest quality chocolate on the market, while maintaining the promise to trade fairly with overseas suppliers. Their mission ties in well with their values of quality, sustainability, social responsibility (fair trade), customer service and competitive pricing. All of these elements of the company are perfect for attracting their target consumers, but their vision for the company’s future may make it difficult to keep those core values at the forefront. The company’s vision sees it as one ofShow MoreRelatedCocoa Delights Review606 Wo rds   |  3 Pages1. Executive Summary 1.1 Business Introduction Cocoa Delights has been known to be a youngest gourmet chocolate manufacturers in early 21st century. Founded in 2000, cocoa delights has 15 stores chain in Melbourne, Australia in 2015. 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How Is Tension Created And Maintained Between John And Elizabeth, And How Does Their Relationship Change Free Essays

Arthur Miller was born in the year 1915 and grew up during the great depression. His fathers business crashed during the great depression, this meant there was no money for Arthur miller to exploit his great talent that was play writing. Fortunately through earning small amounts from odd jobs he was able to save up enough to go to university where he received several awards for his early plays. We will write a custom essay sample on How Is Tension Created And Maintained Between John And Elizabeth, And How Does Their Relationship Change? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Arthur Miller wrote The Crucible in the year 1952. He used the play as a way of criticizing the government for what is know as McCarthyism. McCarthyism is a communist witch hunt where anybody could be accused of being communist. One of the many people to be accused was Arthur Miller; this is why the main themes of the play are justice and truth. Arthur Miller normally uses society and individuals as main themes for his plays this can also be seen in the crucible. A good example of this is how all the other members of the puritan community look down on John Proctor for not being a regular church-goer. This is relevant today because it could be translated into a suppression of individuality and a pressure for people to fit into society. Another area it explores is the increase of tension and panic in a society. The Crucible is set in a small puritan town where everybody knew each other and it was a very tight community. The despised local preacher called Parris stumbles across several of the village’s girls performing a sinful dance including his own daughter Betty. While the girls are performing the dance with his slave Tituba , Betty falls into an unconscious state causing panic. The girls are accused of witch craft. The girls admit to this but one of the girls called Abigail who had an affair with one of the central characters called John Procter sees a chance to exploit the situation and claims there are more witches in the village. Abigail still has feelings for John claims that his wife Elizabeth is a witch. John goes to court to appeal against this, he also tells the court about the affair he had with Abigail to ruin her credibility. The court gets Elizabeth to come in and confirm John’s confessions but unfortunately she denies it to save his reputation. John is sentenced to be hung; Elizabeth who has survived so far due to her pregnancy tries to convince John to confess to witchcraft; however he chooses to die with his dignity rather then live without it. The Salem witch trails was a real event and John , Abigail , Elizabeth and some other characters were real people however a lot of the story was written by Arthur Miller. The language of the play is accurate because it uses the correct accents and the characters would have been played by English actors because the modern American accent would not have developed yet. To show the fact that the characters live in a very religious community the characters often make references to the Bible this can be seen were Elizabeth describes Abigail’s affect on the court as ‘ Parting the sea of Israel. This shows that the bible was part of their every day life. Before Act two starts the audience is aware of the tension between John and Elizabeth because of John’s affair with Abigail. Despite having an affair with Abigail John still loves his wife and wants to protect her. A good example of this is were Abigail accuses Elizabeth of being sickly and John says ‘ You will say nothing of Elizabeth. ‘ Which show he wants to protect her over Abigail . The tone he uses is angry and full of frustration which shows that he is frustrated and ashamed for having an affair. Read also Intro to Public Relations Notes The setting of the scene makes the audience question Johns commitment to Elizabeth , the scene is set eight days after Abigail told John that her actions are nothing to do with revealing that in fact there are no witches in the village and they where just dancing sinfully. This show that John is withholding information from Elizabeth and the rest of the community and the audience is aware of this. The room that the scene is set in is described as long, dark with a low ceiling which could be a metaphor for John and Elizabeth’s relationship. It is also set in this way to create pressure and claustrophobia in the scene ahead which adds to the tension. In contrast to this Elizabeth can be heard singing to the her children which paints a picture of a loving mother in the audiences minds and can create a sense of empathy with the character. It also gives the impression that John and Elizabeth where once a loving couple. The pattern of speech used by the characters increase the sense of tension because it is in short sharp snippets spoken rushed as if not to offend one another by speaking to long. It is clear that Elizabeth concerned why John is late and she decides to confront him about. She expresses her worry by saying ‘You come so late I thought you’d gone to Salem this afternoon. ‘ John lies and says ‘Why! I have no business in Salem. ‘ Which the audience knows is untrue because he was previously in Salem where he met Abigail, this shows that John feels he has to lie to Elizabeth and that it is easier then telling the truth. John then checks the stew and is displeased with its taste so he proceeds to add more seasoning. When he is served the stew and tasted it he compliments Elizabeth on the seasoning. These shows how troubled their relationship is because John would rather lie about the seasoning of the stew then tell her it was under seasoned. The couple begin to discuss the witch trials and Elizabeth asks John to go to court and explain to the court about Abigail’s trickery. John dismisses this and says things like ‘I’ll think on it. ‘ And the stage actions show him considering where or not to tell the court. Elizabeth thinks he is trying to protect Abigail but really he doesn’t want Elizabeth and himself to be accused of witchcraft. The couple begin to argue and use longer sentences to express their true feelings which break the tension that has been built up through out the scene. In this scene the couple are trying to avoid confrontation or trying to please one another we can see this from the stage directions where it says ‘Holding back a full condemnation of her’ and ‘She doesn’t want friction. ‘ Act three is the most important scene involving John and Elizabeth. John has gone to the court to confess about his affair with Abigail which will discredited her and prove her accusations of witch craft false. To prove Johns confession true Danforth the judge asks Elizabeth to be brought before the court who John claims can never tell a lie. This increase tension because if Elizabeth does lie it will worse because John has put all his trust in Elizabeth’s confession. When Elizabeth goes into the room John and Abigail’s backs are turned, this is so they can’t give hints to Elizabeth but it also is a represent how Elizabeth is feeling about the two. She thinks that John has turned his back on her. The tension is enhanced by Arthur Miller gives stage direction ‘She glances at Proctor for a clue. ‘ and ‘She turns to Abigail. ‘ This shows how Elizabeth is trouble over making the right decision. When she finally answers we can see that she is still trouble at her decision ‘(in agony) No sir’. With this Elizabeth has condemned many people however she has realized that she still loves John and will even lie ,something that goes completely against her beliefs to save his reputation. It also shows that Elizabeth is not perfect and has begun to forgive John. In the next scene John is about to be hung however Elizabeth has a chance to convince him to confess which will save his life but ruin his reputation. This instantly creates tension because it gives Elizabeth a chance to save John. The audience wants to see Elizabeth ask John to lie and confess to witch craft but the tension is prolonged because Elizabeth fails to give John a final answer. She puts the decision in his hands by saying ‘do as you will. ‘ John wants Elizabeth to be part of the decision because he says ‘would you give them such a lie. Showing that John respects her feelings and considers her to be his partner raising the tension even more because of the couples new found care for each other. We finally see her true feelings where she tells him ‘and yet you’ve not confessed till now. That speaks goodness in you. ‘ and if she does not give an answer John will continue to deny the charges building more tension because the audience now fe ars for Johns life. John and Elizabeth’s relationship is still getting better however John still thinks of himself as ‘a fraud’ and a ‘no good man’. Elizabeth doesn’t want John to think this , this is made clear where she says ‘Do as you will, do as you will. ‘ Which shows that she is giving him space so that he can prove to himself that he is a good man. John decides against confessing and by doing so he now feels he is worthy of Elizabeth. Elizabeth finally forgives John telling him her true feelings ‘John I counted myself so poorly made, no honest love could come to me! Suspicion kissed you when I did; I never knew how to say my love. It was a cold house I kept. ‘ This also shows that she has recognised her own failings. Despite the fact that John is going to hang the audience now know they both recognise their love for each over which is signified by Johns kiss ‘he lifts her, and kisses her now with great passion. ‘ Showing they are not afraid to love each other. The play shows us that it is dangerous not to speak your mind and that it can lead to great tragedies. It is also dangerous for society to put someone in a position where they cannot speak their mind. John and Elizabeth realized this and if they had talked about their feelings more then Elizabeth would not have had to of lied. We can also see the parallels the play shares with the McCarthy communist hunt. The death at the end is important because it was preventable the play also shows how lies and deceit can lead to pointless deaths. We can also see the pressure needed for people to talk about there true feelings , only when John was about to hang did the pair express their love for each other and in contrast to this when they where living a comfortable life before the trials they where constantly wanting to please one another and not disrupt their normal everyday existence. How to cite How Is Tension Created And Maintained Between John And Elizabeth, And How Does Their Relationship Change?, Papers

The Crucible Reputation Essay Example For Students

The Crucible Reputation Essay The scene under consideration in Act 2 is characterised by an atmosphere of mounting tension. This is a feature of the play as a whole as we observe the community of Salem being overtaken by collective hysteria in which, ultimately, no one feels safe. History provides many examples of the way in which religious movements and political ideologies can be distorted into forms that represent a contradiction of the teachings expanded and the examples set by their founders. Arthur Miller draws parallels between the Salem witch-hunt and America in the McCarthy era, but, the reigns of terror unleashed by Stalin in the 1930s, by Mao Tse-Tung in the Cultural Revolution and by Robespierre in the French Revolution are other examples. Whenever a single ideology is granted, a pre-eminent position is established in a community at the expense of human rights and democratic freedoms, there is an ever present danger that ignorance, bigotry and fanaticism may overwhelm a community, leading to monstrous injustice which no one feels able to challenge. No one feels able to doubt Abigail because the penalty for such honesty, as Proctor learns in the climax of the play, is death. The scene under consideration is pivotal because by the end of it, the truth of Proctors assertion that the world is gone daft with this nonsense is clear. The fate of all the adults in the community lies in the hands of a group of children led by the duplicitous Abigail Williams. Hale enters at a particularly tense moment: John Proctor and his wife Elizabeth have just been arguing over Johns past adulterous liaison with Abigail Williams, and this is part of the reason for the tense atmosphere between the three of them. The other reason is the fact that Hale is involved in the investigation into the charges of witchcraft, having been called in because of his supposed expertise in the subject-and both John and Elizabeth are aware of this. However, both sides attempt to diffuse the tension in the atmosphere: Hale is said to have a quality of deference, even of guilt, about his manner, and begins by wishing them Good evening, and saying to Elizabeth I hope I do not startle you. The Proctors for their part, make every effort to conceal their emotional turmoil: John, still in his shock, extends a hearty welcome to Hale, attempting to convey the impression that he assumes Hales visit to be no more than a social call. He says, Come in, come in, and later to explain his nervousness, comments that we are not used to visitors after dark, but you are welcome sir. Elizabeth attempts to excuse her startled look on Hales appearance by haltingly explaining its only that I heard no horse, and later sits down at Hales invitation never letting him out of her sight. There is an awkward pause, and then Proctor to break the silence offers Hale a glass of cider. Finally Hale wets his lips and proceeds to explain the purpose of his visit: he has come to discuss with them the fact that Elizabeths name has been mentioned in court. By situating Hales arrival at this high moment of tension between John and Elizabeth and by underlining the bluff heartiness of Johns welcome and Elizabeths startled, uneasy reaction to Hales appearance in this way, Miller has created an atmosphere of tension and suspense. Hale is cast in the role of inquisitor, whose duty it is to uncover heresy and blasphemy in the community. His sincerity is not in doubt, but sincerity alone does not justify or validate someones actions. By portraying the Proctors as trying desperately to conceal their apprehension, Miller presents them as vulnerable. They are not yet under arrest, Hale has come of his own authority, but all that could easily change- and as a result of the tense atmosphere created by Miller, the audience is well aware of this.

Landslides Essays (736 words) - Landslides, , Term Papers

Landslides Causing $1-2 billion in damages and more than 25 deaths per year, landslides are a major geologic hazard, caused by earthquakes and floods. Although, landslides are generally not as exciting or costly as earthquakes, major floods, tropical storms, and other natural disasters, they occur in more expanded places and may cause more property damage than any other geologic hazards. A wide variety of ground movements, such as rock falls, slope failure, and shallow debris flows can classify landslides. When a portion of a hill slope cannot support its own weight a landslide will occur. When rainfall or some other water source increases the water content of the slope the weakness is irritated, reducing the strength of the materials. Although gravity acting upon an increased slope is the main reason for a landslide, there are other elements that contribute to its cause. Loud sounds that occur during an earthquake also cause landslides. Erosion caused by rivers, glaciers, or ocean waves create oversteepened slopes. Heavy rains and melting snow weaken rock and soil slopes. Furthermore, vibrations from machinery, traffic, and even thunder may trigger failure of weak slopes. Excess water can run through slope material and can cause a debris flow or mud flow. The rock and mud left over after a landslide may pick up anything in its path, such as trees, houses, and cars , causing bridges and tributaries to become blocked which causes flooding throughout its path. Even though, the natural cause of most landslides is unable to be stopped, geologic investigations, good engineering practices and effective enforcement of land-use management regulations can cut back landslide danger. Landslides effect every state in the United States territory. The Appalachian Mountains, the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Coastal Ranges and few parts of Alaska and Hawaii have intense landslide problems. USGS marine scientists have recently identified over fifteen giant landslides surrounding the Hawaiian Islands. These slides are some of the largest known on Earth, and most have taken place throughout the past four million years. The youngest landslide is estimated to have occurred only one hundred thousand years ago, and there is evidence today that large blocks of the island are starting to slide, causing enormous earthquakes. Each landslide that has happened over the bast four million years has ended with huge land loss and gigantic waves that move rocks and s ediments up to 1000ft above sea level. The geologic hazards are important to learn about because, they don't occur as frequently as volcanoes or other disasters, they have potential to destroy lives, property, and natural resources (Giant Landslides). It is possible that any area made up of brittle and cracked materials lying on a steep slope will be subject to landslides. Scientists continue to try their best to lower the risk of landslides everywhere by producing landslide susceptibility maps for areas in the United States. Areas that are generally accessible to landslide hazards include: old landslides, bases of slopes, at the base of minor drainage hollows, at the base or top of an old fill slope or steep cut slope, and developed hillsides where leach field septic systems are used. However, there are areas that are safe from landslide activity: on hard bedrock that has not moved in the past, on flat land away from rapid changes in slope angle, and at the top or along the nose of ridges, set back from the tops of slopes. In order to be prepared for landslides, pay attention to things that might occur before the hazard. These characteristics include wetness of ground that has not been wet before, new cracks or bulges in the ground, sidewalk, or street, cracks in concrete floors and foundations, leaning telephone poles, uneven fence lines, rapid increase of water level in creaks, and movement of soil away from foundations. Incase a landslide does occur, contact local fire, police or public works department, tell affected neighbors, and be sure to evacuate the area. Bibliography: "Giant Landslides Around the Hawaiian Islands". http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/docs/projects/haland.html maintained by Molly Gowen Groome last modified June 10, 1998, accessed 12/10/98. This page updated: 16 November 1998 For suggestions and comments please send e-mail to: [emailprotected] Page URL: http://landslides.usgs.gov/html_files/nlicsun.html 11/30/1998 The URL of this page is http://landslides.usgs.gov/html_files/nlic/new1ft.shtml Contact: [emailprotected] Updated: Monday November 16 1998 "Landslides." http://germantown.k12.il.us/html/landslides.html

A foreword of a book on mass media laws and regulations The WritePass Journal

A foreword of a book on mass media laws and regulations Chapter 1 A foreword of a book on mass media laws and regulations Chapter 1INTRODUCTION:WHAT IS ELECTRONIC MEDIA?BACKGROUND OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA IN PAKISTAN AND UK:ABSTRACT:AIMS AND OBJECTIVESRESEARCH OVERVIEW:CHAPTER 2LITERATURE REVIEW:ORGANIZATIONAL THEORIES:THE CLASSICAL APPROACH:THE HUMAN RELATION APPROACH:CONTINGENCY THEORY:ROLE OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENTINTERNAL TRAINING:EXTERNAL TRAINING:THEORITICAL CONCEPT OF TRAINING:CHAPTER 3RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.PRIMARY RESEARCH:SECONDARY RESEARCH:QUALITATIVE RESEARCH:CHAPTER 4DATA ANALYSIS:COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:TIME LINE FOR DISSERTATION:CHAPTER 5CONCLUSION:Related Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION: Syed Sajjad Ali Shah, Former Chief Justice of Pakistan said in a foreword of a book on Mass Media Laws and Regulations in Pakistan that: All over the world, the citizens right to acquire knowledge and information is increasingly being proclaimed and recognized as a fundamental right. The international human rights instruments as well as national constitutions and laws, acknowledge and safeguard this right† WHAT IS ELECTRONIC MEDIA? Any channel of communication which serves different functions such as a wide range of entertainment or mass appeal and communicating news and information and advertisement messages through electronic medium is called Electronic media. The duty of media is to communicate massages from advertiser or vendors and serves it as a product or services to the consumer. Types of media include print, electronic, outdoor and direct mail. Print media refers to magazine and news paper where as electronic media are usually referred as broadcast media that are radio and television including cable. BACKGROUND OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA IN PAKISTAN AND UK: In 1964 Television was first introduced in Pakistan. The only channel at that time was Pakistan Television (PTV) that lasts just for few hours everyday from evening till midnight to the viewers. The Channel introduced as a corporation of the state, where the government of Pakistan appointed its board of directors. The managing director was also appointed by the Government of Pakistan but with the approval of the boards. The Early channel includes STN, which was awarded by monopolistic contract with a private company called Network Television Market (NTM). In 1990 PTV was stroked by the financial mismanagement that causes a vast amount of debt and because of Hindi channels the rapidly reducing popularity among the viewers also reduced their advertising revenue. Pakistan Electronic Media is now regulated by Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA). It was established under PEMRA ordinance of 2002. The same month after establishment PEMRA issued 29 Radio licences for new private radio stations. The duty of this authority is to regulate and facilitate the private electronic media, and to improve the standards of information, education and entertainment and to expand the choice for the people of Pakistan including current affairs, news, religious knowledge, arts and culture and as well as science and technology. Where as in 1932 right before 32 years when television was first launched in Pakistan, BBC launched the first television channel in UK called â€Å"THE BBC TELEVISION SERVICE.†Ã‚   The BBC was sponsored by the public money build up from a TV licence fee collected from all UK households who had a television set. This fee was mandatory for all; failure to pay the fee was punishable by prosecution causing a fine or imprisonment. Until ITV was launched in 1955 BBC television service had a complete monopoly in UK. ABSTRACT: Training and development come under the umbrella of human resource management. This research will help analyse the current frameworks by human resource executives to improve training and development within Pakistan media industry and as well as look at the barriers facing by human resource department over the coming year and techniques for overcoming them. This research is a comparative study of training and development strategies in UK and Pakistan media Industry. With the purpose to look into the topic, I will compare and relate the techniques of UK media Industry with Pakistan media industry as how UK media industry deals with such kind of situations. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Training and development refers to pass on or to enhance the specific knowledge and skills of an employee. Training and development is essential to advance the current and future performance of the employee by boosting the ability of an employee to perform better through learning and training. Training usually offers to the operatives on the other hand development programmes are for the employees on upper level or positions. The Primary aim of training and development is to help the organisation reach its goal by increasing value to its key resources that is the employee of the organization. By training the employee we can enable them to perform well and to empower them to make the best use of their natural abilities. The Basic aims of training and development are: It develops the ability of the employee and advances their performance. It helps to meet the organization with the future needs of human resource by help the staff to grow within the organization. And it also reduces the learning time for the employees and make sure that they become completely proficient as quickly and economically as possible. It has been seen that most of the researchers mainly focused their investigation on the role and responsibilities, role conflict and role ambiguity and some extent on the training and development programme, but this piece of research reflects the study of how training advance the level of understanding of the employee to their job and also how it helps in their career development. The main objective of the research is to look in to the developments in this important field of human resources particularly in electronic media industry in United Kingdom and Pakistan. Further to this we also look in to the organisations working without training and development department in some organisations. RESEARCH OVERVIEW: The goal of my research is to find out that how training and development can help improve the knowledge and skills of the employee within the organization especially in Pakistan electronic media by comparing it with the UK electronic industry mainly focus on the broadcasting media. The first chapter of my research will help to introduce the analysis of the study and also why it is useful to investigate further into this topic. The aim and objectives of the research study are also included in this chapter. Chapter two highlight the critical review of literature. The literature review will be divided into two major parts (1) Organizational theories (2) Training and Development. Chapter Three will cover up the research methodologies used for the research area. Chapter four will examine the data collection and analyse the types of information of the collected data. The Fifth Chapter will conclude the research and will suggest some advice and emphasize the limitations of the study. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW: A critical and in depth evaluation of a previous research is called Literature Review. It examines a wide range of literature concerned with the employee motivation which has major importance for organizational matters such as Training and development. The themes provided the framework based on: 1. Organisational theory which relates to employee in an organization 2. To designed the development strategies to reward and distinguish the employee input in television channels. We will look in this research how these set of organisational theories and approaches relate to understand the topic of research. ORGANIZATIONAL THEORIES: Dugan the famous Author said in 1985 that â€Å"training and development is alive and well and growing. In fact, it has grown to be a part of a much larger arena.† There are so many approaches to training and development by so many authors my research will mainly focus on the Classical Approach, The human relation approach, and the contingency theory. I will give a brief introduction of all of these theories in my research. THE CLASSICAL APPROACH: The Standard model to the organizational plan and management in the classical approach were based on the assumed basic numbers, which are written below. To be operated and structured there is at least one best approach for all the organizations. Classical approach was based on the legal managerial power and rule of law. We know financial reward is the best way to motivate employee to work and we will also examine what are other ways of motivating employee and get their maximum use. THE HUMAN RELATION APPROACH: The Third step in the development of modern management was the advancement in the attention to the human factors which has become known as the â€Å"Human Relation School of management.† It was introduced in 1930s as a response to the negative view of human nature suggested by the classical approach and against the mechanistic view of organization. Human Relation approach talks about the emotional behaviour of the people that people are more emotional rather than economical rational beings, where as organizations are cooperative social systems rather than mechanical ones; and also that organizations are composed of informal structure, and rules as well as formal procedures and practices. CONTINGENCY THEORY: This theory was first come in to view in the 1960s as a rejection of the â€Å"One best way† approach. There are many types of the contingency theory. It is a set of behavioural theory that argues that there is no one best way of organising or leading and the leadership approach to one situation is not necessarily suitable to others. The Four most important suggestions of Contingency theory are:    There is no one best way to manage the organization.   Ã‚   The plan and aim of the organization should be according to the environment.   Ã‚   Effective organizations not only plan according to the environment but also fit between its subsystems.   Ã‚   The organization should be properly designed and the management style should be suitable both to the tasks and the nature of the work group if the organization wants to satisfy its needs and requirements. ROLE OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT According to Casse and Banahan (2007), â€Å"the different approaches to training and development need to be explored.† Training in an organization is mainly consisting of two parts: 1- Internal Training 2- External Training INTERNAL TRAINING: Internal training means a training session organised within the house by human resource department or giving training to a particular department by a senior staff or talented employee as a resource person. EXTERNAL TRAINING: The training which is arranged outside the organization by training institutes and consultants are called external training. Both the trainings are very essential as it helps preparing staff for greater challenges. THEORITICAL CONCEPT OF TRAINING: When the planning of a learning programme become a major concern, the theoretical concept of training becomes more significant. It helps determining the area where there is a space for further improvement and the training is required to achieve the goal. For any organization it is important to design the objectives and framework of training to achieve its corporate goal. There are countless theoretical concepts I will include few of them in my dissertation to make it clear to understand the objective of my research. I will try to briefly explain those concepts in my research proposal. Systematic training cycle is a stage based activity which begins with Training Needs Analysis (TNA) Jill Bowman John P. Wilson, (2008) Jill Bowman John P. Wilson, (2008) point out two definitions regarding (TNA)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Analysing training needs provides a focus and direction for the investment an organization has to make in its people†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Need for training exists in organizations when particular weaknesses need to me overcome by the application of systematic training. Therefore, before commencement of actual training session, it is very important to identify the training needs first. Jill Bowman John P. Wilson, (2008) The systematic training cycle has three stages. 1- Training Design 2- Training Delivery 3- Evaluation Any training programme in an organization has to be designed first once it is designed it needs to be implemented. Implementation is overwhelmed with certain problems such as managers at the first place are more action oriented but suddenly they get busy to engage in the training efforts. Secondly availability of the trainer who also knows the philosophy and objective of the company is difficult. And also scheduling the training programme around the present work is another problem. The final stage of the training and development programme is the evaluation of the programme. Evaluation of the programme helps determine the result. These set of classic theories and approaches will make the research topic more clearly for readers and how these relate to each other in media industry. CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. The core task for any researcher to complete its research is to analyze the problem and to select that which research methodology to follow. It is a challenging endeavour and causes difficulties if the most suitable methodology is not selected. TYPES OF RESEARCH: 1- Primary Research 2- Secondary Research 3- Qualitative Research 4- Quantitative Research PRIMARY RESEARCH: In Primary research a researcher collects the data which doesn’t really exist. It can be done through surveys, questionnaire, interviews and observations. SECONDARY RESEARCH: Secondary research is to examining the existing data, it may be the mixture of information acquire by different authors and scholars and a summary or collation. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH: Qualitative research tries to find out the â€Å"WHY† not â€Å"HOW†. It is about investigating the issues, answering the questions and understanding phenomena. The main methods uses in this research are observation, interviews and documentary analysis. It seeks to explore people’s attitudes, behaviours, value system, and lifestyles. It also focuses groups, in depth interviews like many other approaches but qualitative research also involves the analysis of any unstructured material including customer’s feedback forms, reports or media clips. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH: Quantitative research technique enumerates the data by applying different mathematical and statistical methods. Quantitative research includes surveys and customers questionnaires. It is about knowing the opinion of the people in a way so you can produce an appropriate fact and statistic to guide you in making decision for future. You can only get the reliable statistical result by surveying people in a fairly large numbers and also ensure they are representative sample of your target market. CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS: At first the data may appear to be a mass of confusing, unrelated, accounts.   But by Studying and coding (often I code the same materials several times just after Collecting them), the researcher begins to create order (Charmaz, 1983: 114) In Data Analysis researcher gathers a raw data and organize it so that useful information can be extracted from it. Raw data can be in variety of types including measurements, surveys, and observations. In data analysis process, the raw data organised in a way which will be useful. For Example, The result of surveys may b tallied so that we can see that how many people answer to the surveys and how they response to the questions. Data Analysis is an important step of the research process. The aim of data analysis is to define the qualitative and quantitative data that provides learner to develop knowledge and skills in data analysis. It also supports the development of critical appraisal skills by considering the critical review. COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: In this stage I will try to analyze the primary data which I will collect from different television channels. I will try to collect data from BBC and Pakistan television channels including GEO TV Network, Express News and AAJ TV. I will also do the surveys and make the questionnaire for the employee working in electronic media industry and also a separate interview questions for HR experts associated with the industry. I will also analyze the data and the information collected through surveys by focusing on the objective of my research and will try to analyse them in a very systematic way, it is very important as it will help me to draw a valid conclusion and clarify the aim and objectives of my research. TIME LINE FOR DISSERTATION: A dissertation is an extensive piece of academic writing. The timeline make sure that every step is completed at a given time. For successful achievement of a dissertation there has to be a time line. Month 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Month 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Month 3 TASKS Preliminary Research Define research questions/objectives Work on methodology and finish rough drafts of methodology Library Work Preparing Questionnaires, and survey questions Refine Dissertation Methodology Write literature review Write Introduction Research paper writing References and Bibliography Polish format of research proposal CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION: This research adds value in quite a lot of ways; firstly it contributes a better understanding on some vital attributes of Training and Development specifically in Pakistan and UK electronic media Industry. Secondly it provides insight the attitude and behaviour of an employee in the organization and why they need training. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of training in the efficiency of an employee, in how the training gives confidence to perform there desire task in their routine work.